Vegetable

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Vegetable is a term which generally refers to an Eating part of a plant. The definition is traditional rather than scientific and is somewhat arbitrary and subjective. All parts of herbaceous plants eaten as food by humans, whole or in part, are normally considered vegetables. Mushrooms, though belonging to the kingdom (biology) Fungus, are also commonly considered vegetables. In general, vegetables are thought of as being savory, and not sweet, although there are many exceptions. Nut (fruit)s, cereals, herbs, spices and culinary fruits (see below) are normally not considered vegetables.

Fruit, vegetable Since “vegetable” is not a botany term, there is no contradiction in referring to a plant part as a fruit while also being considered a vegetable (see diagram). Given this general rule of thumb, vegetables can also include leaf vegetable (lettuce), Plant stem (asparagus), root vegetable (carrots), flowers (broccoli), bulbs (garlic), seeds (peas and beans) and fruit#Botanic fruit and culinary fruits such as cucumbers, squash (vegetable), pumpkins, and capsicum. Botanically, fruits are reproductive organs (ripened Ovary (plants) containing one or many seeds), while vegetables are vegetative organs which sustain the plant.

The question "is it a fruit, or is it a vegetable?" has even found its way into the United States Supreme Court, which ruled unanimously in Nix v. Hedden, 1893, that a tomato is a vegetable for the purposes of 1883 Tariff Act, although botanically, a tomato is a fruit.

Agriculture of vegetables is a branch of horticulture called olericulture.

Etymology Vegetable is also used as a literary term for any plant: vegetable matter, vegetable kingdom.Swedenborg, Emanuel. (2003) Swedenborg Concordance 1888. Kessinger Publishing. p. 502. ISBN 0-7661-3728-7. It comes from Latin vegetabilis (animated) and from vegetare (enliven), which is derived from vegetus (active), in reference to the process of a plant growing. This in turn derives from the Proto-Indo-European base *weg- or *wog-, which is also the source of the English wake, meaning "not sleep". The word vegetable was first recorded in print in English language in the 14th century. The meaning of "plant grown for food" was not established until the 18th century.

In the diet Vegetables are eaten in a variety of ways as part of Meal and as Snack food. The nutrient content of different types varies considerably. With the exception of pulses, vegetables provide little protein and fat.Woodruff, Sandra. (1995) Secrets of Fat-Free Cooking. Avery. p. 85. ISBN 0-89529-668-3.Whitaker, Julian. (2001) Reversing Diabetes. Warner Books. pp. 269-71. ISBN 0-446-67658-6. Vegetables contain Solubility vitamins like vitamin B and vitamin C, fat-soluble vitamins including vitamin A and vitamin D, and also contain carbohydrates and minerals and fiber.Among the nutrients vegetables may have include antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticarcinogenic nutrients. Also, decaying or rotting vegetables (plant matter in general) may have reduced nutrients, but are often full of probiotic bacteria.

Color , IndiaThe green color of leafy vegetables is due to the presence of the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is affected by pH and changes to olive green in acid conditions, and bright green in alkaline conditions. Some of the acids are released in Steaming during cooking, particularly if cooked without a cover.

The yellow/Orange (colour) colors of fruits and vegetables are due to the presence of carotenoids, which are also affected by normal cooking processes or changes in pH.

The red/blue coloring of some fruits and vegetables (e.g. blackberries and red cabbage) are due to anthocyanins, which are sensitive to changes in pH. When pH is neutral, the pigments are purple, when acidic, red, and when alkaline, blue. These pigments are very water soluble.

Storage Many root vegetable and non-root vegetables that grow underground can be stored through winter in a root cellar or other similarly cool, dark and dry place to prevent mold, Potato#Toxic compounds in potatoes and sprouting. Care should be taken in understanding the properties and vulnerabilities of the particular roots to be stored. These vegetables can last through to early Spring (season) and be nearly as Nutrition as when Post harvest freshness.

During storage, leafy vegetables lose moisture and vitamin C degrades rapidly. They should be stored for as short a time as possible in a cool place, in a container or plastic bag.

See also

Notes External links

UC Vegetable & Research Information Center
Michigan Vegetable Information Network

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